The 16th issue of "Seeking Truth" published on August 16 will publish the report of Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission on November 23, 2015 during the 28th collective study of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee. Important speech "Continuously Exploiting the New Realm of Contemporary Chinese Marxist Political Economy".
　　 The speech emphasized that Marxist political economy is an important part of Marxism, and it is also a required course for us to uphold and develop Marxism. Marxist political economy reveals the laws of human society, especially capitalist social economic movement. The foundation of our political economy can only be Marxist political economy, not other economic theories. For Marxist political economy to have vitality, it must advance with the times. Based on my country’s national conditions and our development practices, we must thoroughly study the world economy and the new conditions and problems facing our country’s economy, reveal new characteristics and new laws, refine and summarize the regular results of my country’s economic development practices, and upgrade practical experience to systematization. The theory of economics has continuously opened up a new realm of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy.
　　 The speech pointed out that our party has always attached great importance to the study, research, and application of Marxist political economy. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party has combined the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the new practice of reform and opening up, has continuously enriched and developed Marxist political economy, and formed many contemporary Chinese Marxist political economics. Important theoretical results. These theoretical results have not been discussed by classic Marxist writers, and we did not have practice and knowledge in this area before the reform and opening up. They are political economy that adapts to the national conditions and the characteristics of the times in contemporary China. It not only powerfully guides my country’s economic development practice, but also opens up The new realm of Marxist political economy.
　　 The speech pointed out that in the changing tide of the world economy, whether we can steer the big ship of our country's economy well is a major test for our party. Facing the extremely complex domestic and international economic situation and the diverse economic phenomena, learning the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy will help us master scientific economic analysis methods, understand the process of economic movement, and grasp the laws of social and economic development. Improve the ability to control the socialist market economy and better answer the theoretical and practical questions of my country's economic development.
　　 The speech pointed out that we must adhere to the people-centered development thinking. Development for the people is the fundamental position of Marxist political economy. We must firmly adhere to this fundamental position when deploying economic work, formulating economic policies, and promoting economic development. The development concept of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing is similar to many viewpoints of Marxist political economy. We must persist in using new development concepts to guide and promote my country's economic development, constantly solve economic development problems, and create a new situation in economic development.
　　 The speech pointed out that the ownership of the means of production is the core of the relations of production and determines the basic nature and development direction of society. We must unswervingly consolidate and develop the publicly-owned economy, unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-publicly-owned economy, and promote various ownership systems to complement each other's strengths, promote each other, and develop together. The dominant position of public ownership cannot be shaken, and the leading role of the state-owned economy cannot be shaken. It is necessary to attach great importance to some outstanding problems in the income distribution of our country, continuously improve the system, mechanism and specific policies, adjust the national income distribution pattern, continue to increase the income of urban and rural residents, and continuously narrow the income gap. We must adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, continue to work hard on the integration of the basic socialist system and the market economy, and give full play to both advantages.
The speech pointed out that we must adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, be good at coordinating the overall domestic and international situations, make good use of the two international and domestic markets and two resources, develop a higher-level open economy, actively participate in global economic governance, and promote international economic order. Development in the direction of equality, justice, and win-win cooperation. Resolutely safeguard my country’s development interests, actively guard against various risks, and ensure national economic security.
　　Continuously develop contemporary Chinese Marxism
　　 New Realm of Political Economy※
　　 Xi Jinping
　　 Today, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee conducted the 28th collective study. The content of the study was the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy. The purpose of arranging this study is to strengthen the study and understanding of the basic principles of Marxism. Before, we have arranged to study the topics of historical materialism and dialectical materialism. This time, we will deepen our understanding and grasp of the laws of economic development by reviewing Marxist political economics, and improve our ability and level of leading our country's economic development.
　　 Next, let me talk about a few experiences.
　　Marxist political economy is an important part of Marxism, and it is also a required course for us to uphold and develop Marxism. Based on the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, Marx and Engels criticized and inherited the ideological achievements of historical economics, especially British classical political economy, and established Marxist political economy through in-depth research on human economic activities. It reveals the laws of economic movement in human society, especially capitalist society. Engels said that "all theories of the proletarian party come from the study of political economy." Lenin regarded political economy as the "most profound, most comprehensive, and detailed proof and application" of Marxist theory. Nowadays, there are various kinds of economic theories, but the foundation of our political economy can only be Marxist political economy, not other economic theories.
　　 Some people think that Marxist political economy is outdated and Capital is outdated. This statement is arbitrary and wrong. To put it aside, from the perspective of the international financial crisis, many capitalist countries have continued to suffer economic downturns, serious unemployment problems, increased polarization, and deepening social conflicts. The facts show that the inherent contradiction between the socialization of production and the private possession of the means of production still exists in capitalism, but the manifestations and characteristics of existence are different. After the international financial crisis, many Western scholars are also re-studying Marxist political economy and "Das Kapital" in order to reflect on the drawbacks of capitalism. Last year, "The Capital in the 21st Century" written by French scholar Thomas Piketty sparked extensive discussion in the international academic community. He used detailed data to prove that the degree of inequality in the United States and other Western countries has reached or exceeded the highest level in history. He believes that unchecked capitalism has exacerbated wealth inequality and will continue to deteriorate. His analysis was mainly carried out from the field of distribution, and did not involve much more fundamental ownership issues, but the conclusions he reached are worthy of our deep consideration.
　　 Our party has always attached great importance to the study, research, and application of Marxist political economy. Comrade Mao Zedong intensively studied "Das Kapital" four times, and hosted several seminars on the Soviet "Textbook of Political Economy", emphasizing that "the study of political economy issues has great theoretical and practical significance." Comrade Mao Zedong creatively put forward the new democratic economic program during the period of new democracy. In the process of exploring the road of socialist construction, he put forward original views on the development of our country's economy, such as proposing the basic contradiction theory of socialist society, putting forward overall planning, Pay attention to the important viewpoints of comprehensive balance, agriculture as the foundation, industry as the leading factor, and coordinated development of agriculture, light and heavy. These are our party’s creative development of Marxist political economy.
　　 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, our party has combined the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the new practice of reform and opening up to continuously enrich and develop Marxist political economy. After the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform" was passed in October 1984, Comrade Deng Xiaoping commented: "I wrote a first draft of political economy, which is a political economy that combines the basic principles of Marxism and the practice of Chinese socialism." . For more than 30 years, with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, we have formed many important theoretical results of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy, such as theories about the essence of socialism, theories about the basic economic system of the primary stage of socialism, and the establishment of and Implement the theory of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development concepts, the theory of developing a socialist market economy, enabling the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better giving play to the role of the government, and the theory of my country's economic development entering a new normal , Theories about promoting the coordination of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, theories about the attributes of ownership, contracting rights, and management rights to the land contracted by farmers, and theories about making good use of both international and domestic markets and two resources , Theories about promoting social fairness and justice and gradually realizing common prosperity for all people, etc. These theoretical results have not been discussed by classic Marxist writers, and we did not have practice and knowledge in this area before the reform and opening up. They are political economy that adapts to the national conditions and the characteristics of the times in contemporary China. It not only powerfully guides my country’s economic development practice, but also opens up The new realm of Marxist political economy.
　　 Now, in the changing tide of the world economy, whether we can steer the big ship of our country's economy well is a major test for our party. Facing the extremely complex domestic and international economic situation and the diverse economic phenomena, learning the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy will help us master scientific economic analysis methods, understand the process of economic movement, and grasp the laws of social and economic development. Improve the ability to control the socialist market economy and better answer the theoretical and practical questions of my country's economic development.
　　The purpose of studying Marxist political economy is to better guide my country's economic development practice. It is necessary to adhere to its basic principles and methodology, but also to integrate with my country's actual economic development to continuously form new theoretical results.
　　First, adhere to the people-centered development thinking. To develop for the people is the fundamental position of Marxist political economy. Marx and Engels pointed out: "The movement of the proletariat is an independent movement for the overwhelming majority of people and for the benefit of the overwhelming majority." In the future society, "production will aim at the prosperity of all people." Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the essence of socialism is to liberate productive forces, develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization, and ultimately achieve common prosperity. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development concept, and to promote the well-being of the people, promote the all-round development of people, and steadily advance toward common prosperity as the starting point and goal of economic development. We must never forget this point. We must firmly adhere to this fundamental position when deploying economic work, formulating economic policies, and promoting economic development.
　　Second, adhere to the new development concept. In response to the new changes in my country's economic development environment, conditions, tasks, requirements, etc., the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to establish and adhere to the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing. These five development concepts are put forward on the basis of a profound summary of domestic and foreign development experiences and lessons, and an in-depth analysis of the general development trend at home and abroad. They collectively reflect our party’s new understanding of the laws of my country’s economic development, and are similar to many aspects of Marxist political economy. The views are the same. For example, Marx and Engels envisioned that in the future society, "all people share the benefits created by everyone", "people are directly natural existences", and "natural history and human history restrict each other." At the same time, these five development concepts are also a sublimation of the perceptual understanding we have gained in promoting economic development, and a theoretical summary of our practice of promoting economic development. We must persist in using new development concepts to lead and promote my country's economic development, continuously solve economic development problems, and create a new situation in economic development.
　　 Third, uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system. Marxist political economy believes that the ownership of the means of production is the core of the relations of production and determines the basic nature and development direction of society. Since the reform and opening up, our party has summed up both positive and negative experiences, established the basic economic system for the primary stage of socialism, emphasized the adherence to public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of multiple ownership economies, and made it clear that both public and non-public ownership economies are socialist market economies. An important part of my country’s economic and social development is an important foundation for China’s economic and social development. We must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, and promote various ownership systems to complement each other's strengths, promote each other, and develop together. At the same time, we must be very clear that my country's basic economic system is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the foundation of the socialist market economic system. The dominant position of public ownership cannot be shaken, and the leading role of the state-owned economy cannot be shaken. This is an institutional guarantee to ensure that the people of all ethnic groups in our country share the fruits of development, and it is also an important guarantee for consolidating the party's ruling position and adhering to my country's socialist system.
　　 Fourth, uphold and improve the socialist basic distribution system. Marxist political economy believes that distribution is determined by production, and it is counterproductive. "And what can best promote production is the way of distribution that enables all members of society to develop, maintain, and exercise their abilities as comprehensively as possible." Starting from the reality of our country, we have established a distribution system in which distribution according to work is the main body and multiple distribution methods coexist. Practice has proved that this institutional arrangement is conducive to mobilizing the polarities of all parties, and is conducive to the realization of an organic unity of efficiency and fairness. Due to various reasons, there are still some outstanding problems in the current income distribution in our country, mainly the widening income gap, the low proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution, and the low proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution. In this regard, we must attach great importance to this, strive to promote the synchronization of residents’ income growth with economic growth, increase in labor remuneration and increase in labor productivity, continue to improve systems, mechanisms and specific policies, adjust the national income distribution pattern, continue to increase the income of urban and rural residents, and continue to reduce income. gap.
　　 Fifth, adhere to the reform direction of the socialist market economy. The development of a market economy under socialist conditions is a great innovation of our party. A key factor for the great success of my country's economic development is that we have not only brought into play the strengths of the market economy, but also the advantages of the socialist system. We are developing a market economy under the major premise of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system. We must never forget the attribute "socialism". The reason for saying it is a socialist market economy is to uphold the superiority of our system and effectively prevent the drawbacks of the capitalist market economy. We must adhere to the dialectics and the two-point theory, continue to work hard on the combination of the basic socialist system and the market economy, and give full play to both advantages. We must not only "effective market", but also "promising government", and strive to practice Solve this worldwide problem in economics.

　　Sixth, adhere to the basic national policy of opening up. Marxist political economy believes that human society will eventually move from the history of all nations to the history of the world. Now, our country has unprecedented close ties with the world. The influence of our economy on the world economy and the influence of the world economy on our economy are unprecedented. Under the conditions of the in-depth development of economic globalization, we cannot engage in construction behind closed doors. Instead, we must be good at coordinating the overall domestic and international situations and make good use of the two international and domestic markets and two resources. It is necessary to follow the trend of my country's economy deeply integrating into the world economy, develop a higher-level open economy, actively participate in global economic governance, and promote the development of the international economic order in the direction of equality, justice, and win-win cooperation. At the same time, we must resolutely safeguard our country’s development interests, actively guard against various risks, and ensure national economic security. There are many theoretical and practical issues that need to be studied in depth.
　　 In short, we adhere to the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy, and do not exclude the reasonable elements of foreign economic theories. Western economics’ knowledge about finance, prices, currency, markets, competition, trade, exchange rates, industries, enterprises, growth, management, etc., reflects the general laws of socialized mass production and market economy, and should be used for reference. At the same time, with regard to foreign countries, especially Western economics, we must insist on removing the rough and the essence, removing the false and keeping the truth, insisting on focusing on me and using it for me. For the content that reflects the attributes and values ​​of the capitalist system, and for the content that has the color of Western ideology, Can't copy it. Although economics is the study of economic issues, it cannot be separated from social politics, pure and pure. In our economics teaching, we must talk about Marxist political economy. We must talk about the political economy of socialism in contemporary China, and we must not be marginalized.
　　 For Marxist political economy to have vitality, it must advance with the times. Practice is the source of theory. We have spent decades to complete the development process that developed countries have traversed for hundreds of years. my country's economic development process is magnificent and its achievements have attracted worldwide attention. It contains great motivation, vitality, and potential for theoretical creation. At present, both the world economy and my country's economy are facing many new major issues, which require scientific theoretical answers. Based on my country’s national conditions and our development practices, we must thoroughly study the world economy and the new conditions and problems facing our country’s economy, reveal new characteristics and new laws, refine and summarize the regular results of my country’s economic development practices, and upgrade practical experience to systematization. The theory of economics, constantly opening up a new realm of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy, and contributing Chinese wisdom to the innovation and development of Marxist political economy.
　　※This is a speech by General Secretary Xi Jinping during the 28th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee on November 23, 2015.
　　Source: Xinhua News Agency Qiushi.com

 

 

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